Coal mine safety management deficiencies are the primary cause of coal mine accidents. However, the current situation regarding the investigation and rectification of these defects are not optimistic. There is still a gap between coal mine safety management and modern management standards. In order to reduce the defects in coal mine safety management in China and promote the implementation of investigation and rectification work, this paper explores the development history of coal mine safety management issues, analyzes the current research and application status of these issues, proposes an accident causation model primarily focused on management deficiencies, and discusses the concept, specific content, and future prospects of coal mine safety management shortcomings. The study shows that the sensitivity, specificity, complexity, hiddenness, and ambiguity of coal mine safety management defects is the fundamental reasons that make it difficult to implement in China's coal mine practice. Finally, development suggestions regarding the theoretical model and practical process of investigating and rectifying defects in coal mine safety management are provided based on the research results.